Maioria do STF defende anulação das condenações de Lula, diz Fachin
Nesta sexta-feira (12), o ministro enviou o recurso da PGR (Procuradoria-Geral da República) sobre o caso para análise do plenário do STF
O ministro Edson Fachin, do STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal), afirma que a decisão de anular as condenações do ex-presidente Lula na Lava Jato segue entendimento, segundo ele, que aos poucos foi adotado pela maioria dos integrantes da corte.
Nesta sexta-feira (12), o ministro enviou o recurso da PGR (Procuradoria-Geral da República) sobre o caso para análise do plenário do STF.
Em entrevista concedida à reportagem por e-mail, o magistrado também diz que são incertas as repercussões de uma eventual declaração de suspeição do ex-juiz Sergio Moro nos processos contra o petista.
Na avaliação de Fachin, o alcance de uma decisão pela parcialidade de Moro nas ações da Lava Jato contra Lula ainda depende da conclusão da análise do tema.
O julgamento está 2 a 2 e foi interrompido por pedido de vista (mais tempo para analisar) do ministro Kassio Nunes Marques, que não disse quando irá retomar o debate do caso.
Fachin classifica como “muito raras” as decisões do Judiciário que declaram um juiz suspeito.
Em relação às mensagens hackeadas de integrantes da Lava Jato, o ministro diz que o Supremo “não pode esconder o que é público e sobre ele deverá, em tempo, se manifestar”.
A tese de Fachin se baseia em um julgamento de 2015, quando o plenário do Supremo decidiu retirar da alçada de Moro uma investigação relativa ao ex-ministro Paulo Bernardo por não envolver crimes cometidos na Petrobras.
Na decisão que beneficiou Lula, o ministro diz que a tese foi aperfeiçoada ao longo do tempo. O ministro cita julgamento da Segunda Turma do fim de 2020 em que foi retirado da Lava Jato do Paraná até uma investigação sobre a Transpetro, subsidiária da estatal petrolífera.
“O conjunto de precedentes formados a partir de tais deliberações revela, na atual quadra, que apenas os crimes praticados direta e exclusivamente em detrimento da Petrobras S/A justificam manutenção da competência da 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba”, afirma.
Entrevista
Pergunta – Durante anos a defesa do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva requisitou a anulação dos processos que corriam contra ele na 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba. Agora, o senhor decidiu anular todas as ações contra ele em curso na Justiça Federal do Paraná. Por que o senhor tomou essa decisão apenas agora?
Edson Fachin – Conforme explicitado na decisão proferida em 8.03.2021, a competência da 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba foi questionada em vários recursos e ações que aportaram ao STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) desde o início da Operação Lava Jato.
Nada obstante os posicionamentos vencidos, o conjunto de precedentes formados a partir de tais deliberações revela, na atual quadra, que apenas os crimes praticados direta e exclusivamente em detrimento da Petrobras S/A justificam manutenção da competência da 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba, o que não ocorre na acusação formulada contra o ex-presidente da República.
Também consignei que apenas em 4.11.2020 os advogados do ex-presidente da República protocolaram habeas corpus com pretensão específica de reconhecimento da incompetência da 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba. Em outras ocasiões, tal argumento foi invocado apenas para sustentar eventual plausibilidade da pretensão deduzida. Cito, como exemplo, a PET 7.841, na qual o tema foi aventado não para que fosse declarada a incompetência da 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba, mas para subsidiar a pretensão de atribuição, para fins eleitorais, de efeito suspensivo ao recurso extraordinário interposto contra o acórdão proferido pelo Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região.
Pergunta – Por que o senhor preferiu tomar essa decisão de maneira individual em vez de remetê-la ao colegiado?
Edson Fachin – Compreendi que a questão estava suficientemente consolidada, diante do refinamento trazido pela Segunda Turma, a partir do precedente do plenário, o que está autorizado pelo Regimento Interno.
Pergunta – O senhor acredita que essa decisão pode ter um impacto maior na Lava Jato, uma vez que outros investigados também dizem que seus casos não estão relacionados apenas à Petrobras?
Edson Fachin – A decisão limita-se a aplicar os precedentes que sedimentaram a posição do tribunal. O impacto que ela terá não é diferente do impacto que esse conjunto de decisões teve ao longo dos anos. Na realidade, a decisão que hoje chama a atenção foi aos poucos sendo tomada pela maioria do tribunal.
Pergunta – Como o senhor interpreta a possível declaração de suspeição do ex-juiz Sergio Moro? Quais as repercussões que esse julgamento pode ter para a operação?
Edson Fachin – O julgamento da suspeição foi iniciado há mais de dois anos e conta com posicionamentos dissonantes. Como ainda não foi finalizado, eventuais repercussões são incertas e dependerá do conteúdo e do alcance da decisão tomada pelo colegiado. A Segunda Turma ainda vai deliberar sobre esse tema e, por isso, não há como saber qual posição prevalecerá.
São muito raros os precedentes que, em habeas corpus, declararam um juiz suspeito. Por isso, é difícil estimar qual seria a consequência dessa decisão. A suspeição é usualmente suscitada no processo específico chamado de exceção de suspeição. O resultado desse processo é definitivo, faz coisa julgada. Ou seja, se reconhecida, por exemplo, a amizade entre uma parte e o magistrado, sempre que estiverem no mesmo processo, deverá o juiz dar-se por suspeito. Se tiver julgado, será preciso anular a decisão. Mas isso é no processo específico da exceção.
Pergunta – O senhor acredita que as mensagens hackeadas de integrantes da Lava Jato podem ser usadas, apesar de serem originárias de um crime?
Edson Fachin – É preciso separar o debate sobre a legalidade do material, indispensável para que ele se torne prova no processo judicial, de sua publicidade. O tribunal não pode esconder o que é público e sobre ele deverá, em tempo, se manifestar. Quanto à legalidade, será preciso que a questão seja especificamente suscitada em um processo, algo que ainda não ocorreu.
Pergunta – Esses diálogos podem de alguma forma influenciar o julgamento sobre a anulação dos processos do ex-presidente?
Edson Fachin – Somente os ministros e as ministras do tribunal poderão responder a essa pergunta quando e se forem trazidas ao colegiado.
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